Atomic Structure

Course Description

This unit introduces students to the basic structure of the atom and explains how atoms form the building blocks of all matter. Students study the sub-atomic particles that make up atoms, their charges and relative masses, and how these particles are arranged within the atom. The topic also covers how elements are identified using atomic number and mass number, how electrons are arranged in shells, and how this arrangement influences chemical behaviour. Learners are further introduced to the concept of isotopes and their properties. This unit provides an essential foundation for understanding chemical reactions, bonding, and the periodic table.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit, students will be able to:

• Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• State the relative charges and relative masses of sub-atomic particles

• Define and use atomic number and mass number

• Write the electronic configuration of atoms and ions (first 20 elements)

• Explain the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus

• Define isotopes and explain why they have similar chemical properties

• Apply atomic structure concepts to simple exam-style questions